The Consumingest States of 2023

This post is quick and simple. We all know that states have different land areas and different populations. We also know that different states produce different amounts of output. We have a pretty good sense for which are the ‘big’ states since these things often go hand-in-hand. But what about household spending on consumption? It’s easy to imagine that some states produce plenty but then invest the proceeds. So, which states consume the most relative to their income?

The map above illustrates which states consume more of their income. There’s not much correlation geographically. But, among the ‘big’ states (Texas, California, New York, Illinois), the consumption per GDP is below the average of 67%. Can we make sense of this? As it turns, out more productive states also tend to have a higher per capita output. So, those higher GDP states also have richer populations on average. And, sensibly, those richer populations have lower marginal propensities to consume. They save more. But this is just spit-balling.

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Laboratories of Democracy in Pandemic

You’ve probably heard the phrase that US states are often “laboratories of democracy.” The phrase comes from a Supreme Court case. It’s well known enough that it has a short Wikipedia page. The basic idea is simple: states can try out different policies. If it works, other states can copy it. If it doesn’t work, it only hurts that state.

The 2020-21 pandemic has provided a number of possibilities for the “states as laboratories” concept. Here’s three big ones I can think of (please add more in the comments!):

  1. Do states that impose stricter pandemic policies (“lockdowns”) have better or worse outcomes? This could be about health, the economy, both, or some other outcome.
  2. Do states that end unemployment benefits sooner have quicker labor market recoveries? Or are these not the main drag on the labor market?
  3. Do states that offer incentives for vaccination have higher vaccination rates? And what sort of incentives work best?

These are all good questions, but let me throw some cold water on this whole concept: we might not be able to learn anything from these “experiments”! The primary reason: the treatments aren’t randomly assigned. States choose to implement them.

Let’s think through the potential problems with each of these three areas:

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